For decades, Cuban doctors have been hailed as symbols of the country’s commitment to global solidarity dispatched across continents to provide medical care in underserved areas. From Latin America to Africa, these professionals have stood at the frontlines of health crises, often in countries grappling with weak healthcare systems.
But behind the celebrated missions lies a growing wave of criticism that paints a far less noble picture.
Cuba’s international health program, once praised for its reach and impact, is now being described by some human rights advocates as a system of forced labor in disguise. Allegations have surfaced that Cuban medical personnel sent abroad face harsh conditions, including withheld wages, restricted movement, and threats if they attempt to leave.
“Cuba’s medical missions are not humanitarian assistance: The program is exploitative and shows strong evidence of forced labor,” reads one of the United States Department of States’ statement. “The Cuban regime confiscates up to 95 per cent of workers’ wages, restricts their movement, and threatens those who try to leave.”
The model, designed to boost Cuba’s economy and international standing, relies on agreements with foreign governments who host the doctors often paying large sums to the Cuban state. However, reports claim that the doctors themselves see only a small fraction of those earnings.
While many countries have benefited from the presence of Cuban doctors, especially during emergencies, critics argue that such programs shouldn’t come at the cost of workers’ dignity and freedom. The professionals at the heart of the program are often caught in a delicate balance serving abroad while facing limitations that few outside the system ever see.
